Inherently-regulated direct-current dynamo



July 17, 1923}- 1,462,226

H. CHARLET INHERENTLY REGULATED DIRECT CURRENT DYNAMO Original Filed July 8, 1920 2 Shets-Sheet 1 A l I T I ]I b I L I A\ C II m 4M III rim July 17, 1923- 1,462,226

H. CHARLET INHERENTLY REGULATED DIRECT CURRENT DYNAMO Original Filed July 1990 2 Sheets-Sheet 3 HANS @EARLET, KREIELD, GEEQIA'NY.

ERENTLY-EEGULATED DIRECT-CURRENT DYN'AIEO).

firiglnal application filed duly 9, 1920, Serial No. 394,849. Divided this ap 1icatlon filed d,

1922. Serial No. 549,299.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it own that l, Hans Cnanrnr, residing at Kreleld, Germany, Spinnereistrasse 23, have invented certain new and useful llmprovements in lnherently-llegulated Direct-Current Dynamos, (for which l have filed applications in Germany, March 90, 1918, and June 2%, 1918; Great Britain, filed July 2, 1920, patented December 2, 1921; France, filedduly 16, 1920, patented March 30, 1921; Belgium, filed June 28, 1920, patented July 15, 1920; Spain, filed August 2, 1920, patented January 1-, 1921; ltaly, filed June 22, 1920; Holland, filed June 25, 1920;

' Switzerland, filed August 24:, 1920 Czechoslovakia, filed July 5, 1920, and August 10, 1921; Sweden, filed June 29, 1920; Norway, filed June 30, 1920; Denmark, filed July 19, 1920; and Canada, filed l/lay 25, 1921), oil which the following is a specification.

This, application is a division of application No. 394,849, filed July 8, 1920. i

This invention relates to inherently regulated direct current dynamos.

lit has already been suggested to employ short-circuited brushes in the neutral zone of a two-pole machine. ln. this case only a very small excitation is necessary to allow a very strong current to fiow between the short-circuited brushes. This small excitation produces on one hand the primary field l, on the other hand, as is known, the much stronger cross-field (secondary field 11) produced by the current fiowing in the armature-winding between the brushes. This secondary field, leads by in advance or" the primary field. In the neutral zone of this secondary field a second set of brushes ma be placed. When a working-current is to be derived from such a machine, the primary field will, from'the very first, have to field diagra be strengthened by an amount corresponding to the armature reaction originating from the tertiary field. This tertiary field leads the secondary field by 90 or 180 ahead of the primary field and therefore acts contrary to the latter. Fi 1 is the known m of a machine of this kind.

Fig. 2 1s a view showing the primary field.

Fig. 3 is a View showing the counter exciting winding.

Fig. 4 is a. view showing the fiow approximating a hrbola. Fig. 5 shows another use diagram.

Fig. 6 is a view showing the connections for motor worlr.

Fig. 7 is a view showing a on the armature.

Fig. 8 shows the difierential charging oi the battery.

Fig. 9 is a similar view showing the Show circuiting oi the brushes.

Fig. 10 shows a somewhat modified form of Fig. 9.

second collector Fig. 11 is view showing a secondary field originating from the primary main field.

According to the invention, the primary field l is increased by a greater value I, by the constant excitation being correspondingly increased. Furthermore a counter exciting winding c, (neutralizing winding) Fig. 3 is connected to the poles, said winding being connected to the service brushes lying within the neutral zone of the secondary field, and acting contrary to the field l ll, being so dimensioned, that the field lll Fig. 2, produced by it, combined with the reaction 111' or the current or: winding 0 fiowing in the armature winding over the service brushes will, at a given ood, just compensate the additional field With such a machine the potential at the service brushes will, when the machine is running idle, at a varying speed-remain practically constant, it the ratio of field l to the additional field 1' has been chosen sufficiently large. @n the one hand, the potential produced in the secondary field by the rotation of the armature will with an increasin speed, likewise increase; on the other loan however, the current flowing in the armature winding over the service brushes 2-2 and in the counter exciting winding 0 (neutralizing winding) will thereby be increased, and the primary field I and with it also the secondary field II will be weakened.

doubling of the speed, rise by 5% only, because the current flowing in the counter exciting winding 0 would rise by 5%. Therefore only about 0.5 I would remain effective of the primary field I, and thus also the secondary field II would drop to half its power. The current flowing between the short circuited brushes 1l, however, does not flow in a straight line but (Fig. 4) approximately in a hyperbola. It may also remain constant or drop.

For deriving a current for work from such a machine, it is only necessary to provide a main current winding 5, Fig. 3, through which such current fiows in the manner described.

Even if the sense of rotation of the machine is reversed, the current will still flow in the same direction as the secondary current is reversed as well as the rotation. Such a machine may therefore also be used with advantage for illuminating vehicles. It may, however, by simply switching over certain winding connections, be converted into a motor so that, when used on motor cars, it may be utilized both as a dynamo for lighting and the like purposes, and as a motor for cranking up the petrol engine. When the machine is to be used as a motor, the shortcircuiting of the pair of brushes 1l must be cancelled by turning a switch, and the main current winding of the machine must be connected to the brushes 11 in the neutral zone in such a manner, that the mo tor current produced enters the armature at the positive brush andmagnetizes the magnet poles N-S in the sense of the original primary field. Fig. 6 shows the connections for motor work, the arrows indicating the direction of the flow of the current in the windings. It may be seen therefrom, that 7 neutral zone of the the current reverses its direction in the armature. In consequence thereof also the current, which may be derived from the brushes 22 lying beneath the field magnet Boles, also reverses its direction and flows, as

ereinbefore stated, now through the counter exciting winding 0 (neutralizing winding) no more in a sense weakening the primary field, as with the dynamo according to Flg. 3, but strengthening the same (F ig. 6) so that here the transverse field may be utilized for further useful work and all three windings may be employed for producing a field as powerful as possible, so as to make the torque as great as possible when the machine 1s employed as motor. 0f course the counter exciting winding 0 may, when the machine is being used as a motor, be cut out together with the main current winding 6 from the brushes 2-2 and be accordingly switched on to the brushes l1 into the primary field, so that the original field is increased as much as possible by the two windings. The said case,

running normally as a dynamo, tected against back current, it being as cease that both windings have to be switched ofi' from the brushes 22 and on to the brushes l1 may occur when a given number of revolutions in the cranking up motor is required for securing ignition in the petrol engine. In this case it may even be necessary to entirely out out winding 0, so that it is not utilized for strengthening the field.

The main current winding may for use as a generator be given the same dimensions as in the hereinbefore described arrangement, so that fields I and III are equal or one exceeds the other, so as to have a rising or falling potential with an increasing load. In the same manner the characteristic referred to the speed may be influenced. If the counterfield III (Fig. 2) produced by the winding 0 (Fig. 3) is made smaller than assumed in the example, for example if the primary field I is 30% of III-l-III, the potential will rise with an increasing speed, whilst, on the other hand, if III is'made correspondingly larger a potential may be obtained which will drop with the speed. By suitably dimensioning the windings it is therefore possible to give the machine any desired characteristic.

In charging storage batteries, however, the employment of a main current winding has with machines of known types been carefully avoided, because of a possible back current. The machine according to the present invention is quite proof against such back current. It with a connection as dynamo ,(Fig. 3) the moment has arrived, at which the battery is fully charged and has risen to the same potential as the dynamo, and therefore there is no current flowing from the dynamo to the battery in a charging sense, the moment has arrived when the dynamo runs idle. The conditions are exactly the same as they have already been described for this condition. If, now, a current were to flow in the reversed direction from the battery to the dynamo, this current would indeed weaken the primary field, but as the current will now also flow in the armature in the reverse direction the tertiary field produced would now not cause any weakening of the primary field, but on the contrary strengthen the same to the same extent as itis weakened by the current flowing in the opposite direction in the main current winding. That is to say, the primary field necessary for maintaining the secondary field has kept exactly its former power, and with it the resulting potential at the brushes of the transverse field 2-2. A machine of this type need therefore, when not be proproof against such back current as against a decrease or an increase of the load or a change in the speed.

A machine excited according to Fig. 3

ill

Bil

is excellently suited for lighting a train a constant potential. The battery l3 re quired for lighting the train when standing must be charged while the train is running, so that at the next stop, it may take over the lighting of the train in a reliable manner. F or this purpose it is necessary in many instances, to dispose of an additional potential, beside and independent of the normal working potential of the dynamo, so as to allow of a rapid and certain recharging of the battery.

The present invention obtains this object by a second winding with a smaller number of wires and a second collector a being provided on the existing armature A (Fig. 7). Then potential may be derived from this collector at two points. Once at the pair of brushes 3-3, which are disposed in the same plane with the brushes l-1. lVith an increasing speed, the potential will rise with the same in proportion, it the primary field really remained constant. ,The power of this primary field, however, will with an increasing speed, be influenced by the counter action (neutralizing action) of the counter winding 0, so that there will be no absolute proportionality between speed and potential. Connected in series with the brushes 22, there would therefore be a constant portion of the potential. namely at the brushes 2-2, and a portion at the brushes 38 rising with the increasing speed, this latter portion being utilizable for the difierential charging of the battery. 1E ig. 8. When the train is running slowly, the charging up will be small, at a faster speed of the train the greater.

The potential at the brushes l l Figs. 7 and 10 shows a different behavior. Also these brushes are, the same as the main brushes Q-2 in the neutral zone of the "secondary field ll. Neither does this secondary field hare a constant power, as it sinlrs with the shortcircuit current flowing between the brushes ll which drops with an increasing speed approximately along a hyperbola. As there is a fixed ratio between the number of wires of the main armature A and ot the additional armature a the logical consequence is that the two individual potentials will also be at a fixed ratio to each other and independently of the speed, each individual potential will maintain its constant power. lit the potentials of both armatures are properly connected in series, it will, therefore be possible (Fig. 8) supply the lamps as well as the storage battery with difierent potentials, and independently of each other.

A third possibility consists therein that the brushes 3 of armature a (Figs. 7 and 9) and the brushes 11 of the main armature A are short circuited. Thereby, in exactly the same manner as hereinbetore described, a second secondary field ll would be produced originating from the primary main field ll said second secondary field ll covering the first would increase the latter to the power ll+ll' 11). it is, however, not possible for the potential at the brushes 22 to rise, because the counter action (neutralizing action) of the counterwinding 0, or of the fields lll+lll' would also this case result in a complete compensation of the primary field l, and therefore also both secondary fields ll+ll would be cancelled. @n the other hand, with a decreasing speed, the secondary field ll would support the original secondary field ll efi ectively in maintaining the potential at the brushes 22 constant, even when the speed has sunlr tar below the normal figure or compensating the tertiary field which is produced by the battery charging current flowing through the winding of armature a, it is only necessary to provide, the same as with the main armature, a further main current winding, which will accordingly cornpensate this new tertiary field Ill.

1 claim 1. In an inherently regulated direct current dynamo, adapted to be used at will either a generator or as a motor, the combination with constantly excited primary field, a secondary field produced by the ar mature winding, a neutrflizing winding the magnet poles, and means for reinforcing the primary excited field, a plurality or sets brushes, one set of brushes short, circuited and located in the neutral zone the said primary excited field, another set brushes located in the neutral zone of said secondary field and connected with a neutralizing winding disposed on the net poles, the primary field required for pr-o ducing the working current being produced by the main current windings.

2. In an inherentl regulated direct cur rent dynamo, adapted to be used at will as either generator or as a motor, the coinbination with a constantly excited primary field, a, secondary field produced by the armature winding, a main winding and an additional winding on the armature connected with a main commutator and an additional commutator respectively, means for reinforcing the primary excited field, a plurality of sets of brushes, one set oi brushes short oircuited and dispowd on the said main commutator in the neutral zone of said primary excited iield, another set of brushes disposed on the said main commutator in the neutral zone of the said secondary field and connected with a neutralizing winding disposed on the magnet poles, a,- other set or brushes disposed on the said additional commutator in the neutral zone of the said primary excited field, the primary field required for producing the working Mill ill)

currents being produced by the main current windings. v

3. In an inherently regulated direct current dynamo, adapted to be used at will as either a generator or as a motor, the combination with a constantly excited primary field, a secondary field produced by the armature winding, means for reinforcing the said secondary field, means for reinforcing the said primary excited field, a main Winding and an additional winding on the armature connected with a main commutator and an additional commutator respectively, a plurality of sets of brushes, one set of brushes short circuited and disposed on the said main commutator in the neutral zone of the said primary excited field, another set of brushes disposed on the said main comn1u tator in the neutral zone of the said secondary field, another set of brushes disposed on the said additional commutator in the neutral zone of the said secondary field, a neutralizing winding on the magnet poles connected with one of the said sets of brushes in the neutral zone of the said secondary field, the primary field required for producing the two working currents being produced by two main current windings.

4. ltn an inherently regulated direct current dynamo, adapted to be used at will as either a generator or as a motor, the combination with a constantly excited primary field, a secondary field produced by the armature winding, a neutralizing winding on the magnet poles, a main winding and an additional winding on the armature connected with a main commutator and an additional commutator respectively, means tor reinforcing the primary excited field, a plurality of sets of brushes, one set of brushes short circuited and disposed on the said main commutator in the neutral zone of the said primary excited field, another set of brushes disposed on the said main commutator in the neutral zone of the said secon aeaeae armature winding, means for reinforcing the said secondary field, means for reinforcing the said primary excited field, a main winding and an additional winding on the armature ronnected with a main commutator and an additional commutator respectively, a plurality of sets of brushes, one set of brushes short circuited and disposed on the said main commutator in the neutral zone of the said primary excited field, another set of brushes disposed on the said main commutator in the neutral zone of the said secondary field, another set of brushes short circuited and disposed on the said additional commutator in the neutral zone of the said primary excited field, another set of brushes disposed on the said additional 'commutator in the neutral zone of the said secondary field, and a neutralizing winding on the magnet poles, connected with one of the said sets of brushes in the neutral zone of the said secondary field, the primary field required for producing the two working currents being produced by two main current windings.

In testimony whereof I afiix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

HANS CHAR-LET. 

